)هبهعو ال هقبالتوبىراتبیپهیک ین.( typed. 4. Our papers are usually

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1 Prepared By: Ferdos Golpour, Konkour instructor - Rasht SAMPAD )هؼل م ) electricity. 1. Edison discovered )هد ل ) Edison. 2. Electricity was discovered by )درختببیذبریذ ش د.( cut. The tree should be )سبختوبىجذیذیدرای جبب بخ ا ذشذ.( here. A new building will be built دستور نگارش و نکات درس اول Vision 3 وجه مجهول voice) (Passive جول ایک درآىرابط بیيفعل هفع له ردتأکیذقرارگرف است جول هج ل بهیذ هیش د. )پلیس بازسرقتبب کآگب شذ ذ.( robbery. The police were informed of the bank درچ ذه رداستفبد ازسبختبرهج لضر رتدارد: 1.درص رتیک فبعلهشخص ببشذ. 2.هفع ل سبتب فبعلا ویتبیشتریدارد. 3.ب بب دلیلیازرکرفبعلخ دداریهیش د. تثذیل جول هعل م ت هج ل هفؼ ل خول هؼل م را زر ا ل خول هد ل لزار هی ز ین. * ت اعن یا ضویز یا زز و تؼس اس فؼل آهس تاؽس هفؼ ل هی گ یین اعن هوىي اعت ففت ن زاؽت تاؽس. 2. تا ت خ ت سهاى خول هؼل م فؼل to be هت اعة را تؼس اس هفؼ ل لزار هیز ین. * am/is/are تزای سهاى حال عاز was/were تزای سهاى گذؽت عاز beتزای افؼال ووىی ال modals هقسر ا beenتزای.1 هاضی ملی تؼیس beingتزای سها ای اعتوزاری. 3. اعن هفؼ ل (p.p.) فؼل افلی خول هؼل م را تؼس اس فؼل to be لزار هیز ین. * اعن هفؼ ل تا لاػس تا اضاف وززى ed ت ا ت ای هقسر تس ى to تؾىیل هی ؽ ز اعن هفؼ ل تی لاػس حفظ وزز ی اعت. 4. فاػل خول هؼل م را ن هیت ا ین زر ا ت ای خول تؼس اس حزف اضاف by لزار ز ین. * لیس ا زر هؼل م یا هد ل ت زى خول ا تاثیزی سار س زر واى خای هؾر ذ ز زر خول ا ت وار هی ر س. Participle) (Past اسنهفع ل+ am +هفع لجول یهعل م /is / are الف( مجهول سمان حال ساده cars. 1. Mechanics repair )هکب یک بات هبیلتعویرهیک ىذ.( )ات هبیل بت سطهکب یک بتعویرهیش ذ.( mechanics. 2. Cars are repaired by papers. 3. We usually type our )هبهعو ال هقبالتوبىراتبیپهیک ین.( typed. 4. Our papers are usually )هقبالتهبهعو ال تبیپهیش ذ.( 1. We use this room only on special occasions.. 2. They make these artificial flowers of silk.. 3. People often take him for his brother. جول بیزیرراب هج لتبذیلک یذ. ب( مجهول سمان حال استمزاری )اسنهفع ل ) P.P. am/ is /are + being + +هفع لجول هعل م 1. He is making a large building. 2. A large building is being made. 3. Mina is typing a letter. 4. A letter is being typed. 1. Students are doing a lot of work. جول بیزیرراب هج لتبذیلک یذ.

2 2. Someone is following us.. مجهول سمان حال کامل )ماضی نقلی ساده( + has have +هفع لجول یهعل م / )اسنهفع ل( +P.P. been 1. He has completed his report. 2. His report has been complete4) 3. The company has started a new branch. 4. A new branch has been started by the company. 1. They have invented a new car.. 2. He hasn t cleaned his room.. 3. The policeman has arrested some thieves... جول بیزیرراب هج لتبذیلک یذ. مجهول سمان گذشته ساده He expected us to offer him the jo2) We were expected to offer him the jo2) He completed his work last week. His work was completed last week. )اسنهفع ل). p.p was +هفع لجول هعل م / were+ جول بیزیرراب هج لتبذیلک یذ. 1. Many people opposed this.. 2. They showed her the easiest way to do it.. 3. Why didn t they mend the roof before it fell in?. مجهول سمان گذشته استمزاری )اسنهفع ل ) P.P. was /were + being + +هفع لجول هعل م 1. Mary is cooking lunch for the family. 2. Lunch was being cooked for the family by Mary. 3. He was writing a letter. 4. A letter was being written. جول بیزیرراب هج لتبذیلک یذ. 1. She was making a cake for her children They were building a new apartment near the park.. 3. We were painting our old house last week... مجهول سمان گذشته کامل )ماضی بعید( )اسنهفع ل ) P.P. + had + been + هفع لجول هعل م 1. The mechanic had repaired the car. 2. The car had been repaired by the mechani3)

3 3. The teacher had informed us about our scores. 4. We had been informed about our score by the teacher. 1. Somebody had cleaned my shoes and brushed my suit.. 2. The author has written a special edition for children. 3. He had given a lot of orders before he left.. هفع لجول هعل م + will /shall /be going to + be + P.P. ) )اسنهفع ل 1. Mary will type the report tomorrow. 2. The report will be typed tomorrow. 3. They will complete the project next month. 4. The project will be completed next month. جول بیزیرراب هج لتبذیلک یذ. +هفع لجول هعل م can/may/ should/must/could/ought to/have to/ has to/ had to + be + P.P. ساده آینده سمان مجهول جول بیزیرراب هج لتبذیلک یذ. 1. They will not accept children under sixteen.. 2. They will repair that old house next month.. 3. We will give him a new handset. modal ناقص کمکی افعال مجهول 1. You must finish your homework. 2. Your homework must be finishe4) 3. They ought to give the bicycle to us. 4. The bicycle ought to be given to us. کنید: توجه سیز نکات به مجهولها مورد در *درص رتیک جول هج لداراید هفع لببشذ هعو ال هفع لشخصییببب اسط رادرا لجول هج لقرارهید ین. 1. He sent me a letter. 2. I was sent a letter. forقبلازهفع لشخصیاستفبد هیک ین. 1. He sent me a post car4) 2. A post card was sent to me. 1. Did you finish your homework? 2. Was your homework finished? 1. He usually sends the books by airmail. 2. The books are usually sent by airmail. ای *درص رتیک هفع لبی اسط فبعلجول قرارگیرد ازحرفاضبفto *درص رتیک جول هعل مسئ الیببشذ جول هج ل یسسئ الیخ ا ذب د. toقرارهیگیرد. *قیذتکراردرجول یهج لبعذاز be to اسنهفع لقرارهیگیرد. *قیذحبلتدرجول یهج لترجیحب بیي be 1. The doctor examined him carefully. 2. He was carefully examined by the doctor. لیذبت ىآ تبقتشه any noببشذفعلجول هج لببیذشکله فیداشت ببشذ.درایيجول ب no هشتقبتآىب one *اگرفبعلجول هعل م هیش د. 1. No one sent him the message. 2. He wasn t sent the message by anyone. *درص رتیک فبعلجول هعل مشئببشذدرجول هج لب جبی byاز withیب inاستفبد هیک ین.

4 1. Water covered the garden. 2. The garden was covered with water. be + P.P. 1. I want my brother to post the letter. 2. I want the letter to be posted by my brother. being + P.P. *هصذر بب شکلزیرتبذیلب هج لهیش ذ. *اسنهصذر( Gerund )ب شکلزیرتبذیلب هج لهیش د. 1. I don t remember him giving me his notebook. 2. I don t remember being given his notebook by him. *بعذازفعل بی need/require/wantک بعذازآ ب ing ب کبررفت استدرص رتیک هف مهج لازجول است ببطش دازسبختبرزیراستفبد want/need/require + to be + P.P. هیک ین. 1. You room needs cleaning (to be cleaned). 2. This wall requires repairing (to be repaired). طرزهج لکردىجول یاسوی یخبری( Noun-Clause ) درص رتیک هفع لجول ب شکلیکجول ظب رش د حرفربط thatداشت ببشذ.ب شکل بیزیرتبذیلب هج لهیش ذ. 1.بعذازاضبف کردى itب ا لجول فعلجول اصلیراهج لکرد بقی جول راب د ببلآىهی یسین. 1. I know that They will write to him soon. 2. It is known that they will write to him soon. 2.فبعلجول پیر رافبعلاصلیقرارداد فعلجول اصلیراهج لهیک ین بعذازآىهصذربب toهیآ رین. 1. People say that the report is correct. 2. The report is said to be correct. خبری جمالت انتهای در (short کوتاه( question سوال جمله هیؽ ز. گفت ن و تا " "ع الی هؼ ی questionت tag یا ع الی" "ز م هؼ ی ت tail phrase ع االت ایي ت گ ی س اطوی اى وغة یا ذثز آى ر ی تز تاکیذ آى سف هیآیس ذثزی خول ی یه ا ت ای زر و اعت و تا ی پزعؾی خول ی و تا ع الی He can pass his exams. Cant he? He is not a bad student. Is he? تاؽس. هی ؽ س ظز اس ویت ا س. ؽ ز لث ل اهتحا اتؼ زر هیت ا س ا غت. یغت تسی زا ؼآه س ا است: ضز ری سیز کات دا ستي ک تا س الی یک ساختي تزای هیو ین. اعتفاز ووىی فؼل واى اس و تا ع الی زر تاؽس زاؽت ووىی فؼل ذثزی خول اگز 1. Your friends are students. Aren't they? و یس.( ت خ ه فیعاس ولوات خ ز )ت تزػىظ. تاؽس ه فی تایس و تا ع الی تاؽس هثثت ذثزی خول اگز 2. He can never pass such a difficult test. Can he? تاؽس. ضویز یا اعن ذثزی خول فاػل ذ ا هیؽ ز اعتفاز ضویز اس ووىی فؼل اس پظ حتوا و تا ع الی خول زر 3. Your grandfather is living in a village. Isn t he? هیؽ ز. اعتفاز Aren't I اس و تا ع الی زر I am تزای 4. I am your friend. Aren't I? Can't you?, can اس هیت اى هثثت اهز تزای اها هیؽ ز اعتفاز will you? اس فمظ ه فی زعت رات ذ ا ؾی اهزی خول ای تزای 5. وزز. اعتفاز یش you?, would you?, won't you?, will you? Don t open the window. Will you? Open the window. Can you? / will you? / won't you? / would you? / هیؽ ز. ػول اهزی ا زعت رات ها س Let us تزای هیؽ ز اعتفاز shall we? اس let's تزای 6. Let's take a taxi. Shall we? Let us try once more. Can you? / will you? / won't you? / would you? تزز. وار ت هثثت ه فی ف رت ز ت را و تا ع الی هیت اى تاؽس رفت وار ت only لیس ذثزی خول زر اگز 7. You have only one brother. Do you? / Don t you?

5 8. اگز فاػل خول ذثزی nothing تاؽس زر ع الی و تا اس ضویز it اعتفاز هیؽ ز تزای no one nobody اس ضویز they اعتفاز هی ؽ ز. Nothing can help her. Can it? Nobody can help her. Can they? 9. تزای ضویز ای someone, somebody, everyone, everybody زر ع الی و تا اس ضویز they اعتفاز هیؽ ز. Everybody is present. Aren't they? Somebody is calling. Aren't they? 10. تزای ضویز ای اؽار this, that اس ضویز it زر ع الی و تا تزای these those اس they اعتفاز هیؽ ز. This is your car. Isn t it? Those are your friends. Aren't they? 11. تزای there اس ذ ز ولو there زر ع الی و تا اعتفاز هیؽ ز. There is a cat in that room. Isn't there? 12. اگز خول ای فؼل ووىی ساؽت تاؽس تا ت خ ت سهاى فؼل آى خول تزای سهاى حال عاز اس do/does تزای سهاى گذؽت عاز اس did اعتفاز هیؽ ز. Your brother went to a movie yesterday. Didn t he? You know English well. Don t you? 13. تزای have to/has to / had to ها س خول ای تس ى فؼل ووىی ػول هیؽ ز. You had to see a doctor. Didn t you? و س االت اهتحا ی تا ع الی و تا ه اعة پز و یس. انواع جمله در زبان اتکلیسی ع ا ل: جول ساد یاSentence Simple خه زر را تاس وزز. 1. You don t know all of us.? 2. The students are listening to the teacher...? 3. Alice didn t work hard..? 4. Nobody pays attention to him..? 5. I am a university student..? 6. English teachers must not speak Persian in class...? Jack opened the door. خول ای عاز اعت و فمظ یه»ػثارت هغتمل«زاؽت تاؽس. خول عاز لش ها و تا یا عاز یغت ثایس فزیة اعوؼ را ذ رز. خول سیز یش خول ای عاز اعت: Jack opened his bag, stopped for a second, pulled out a pen, and started writing. خه ویفؼ را تاس وزز لحظ ای هىث وزز ذ زواری را زرآ رز ؽز ع ت ؽتي وزز. خول تاال یه ػثارت هغتمل اعت یه فاػل (Jack) زارز زارای یه فؼل هزوة یش غت opened) (started pulled stopped ع د م: جول هزکة یاSentence Compound خه ویفؼ را تاس وزز چیش زیگزی ت خ ؼ را خلة وزز. اعت. Jack opened his bag; something else distracted his attention. لتی ت ؽی ای فحیح ز خول عاز واهال هغتمل اس ن را ت یىسیگز هتقل و ین خول هزوة پسیس هیآیس. ایي اتقال اس ز را هوىي را ا ل :تا اعتفاز اس یه مغ یزگ ل یا ایي واز; ؽ س. را د م :تا یه یزگ ل یه حزف رتظ ه اعة هثل and یا for یا nor یا but یا or یا yet یا. so و ت اذتقار fanboys ذ ا س هی خه ویفؼ را تاس وزز لی ز عتؼ اگ اى ا را فسا وزز. Jack opened his bag, but suddenly his friend called him. ز وسام اس حز ف رتظ ف ق تزای تیاى ه ظ ری ذاؿ ت وار هی ر س و ت ا اس را زا غتي هؼ ی خول پای خول پیز هی ت اى ت راتغ تیي آ ا پی تزز اس حزف رتظ هزت ط ت آى اعتفاز وزز.

6 هثال حزف رتظ and تزای تیاى افش دى اطالعاتی جذیذ ت خول پای ت وار هی ر ز. The teacher opened the door,and he started to walk towards his desk. حزف رتظ but تزای تیاى تضاد جول جذیذ تا جول پای ت وار هی ر ز. The teacher opened the door,but the students did not notice that. حزف رتظ or تزای تیاى ا تخاب اس تیي گشی ا ت وار هی ر ز. You should pass your exams,or you should wait for a punishment from your family. حزف رتظ so یش تزای تیاى تیج گیزی ت وار هی ر ز. ع س م: جول پیچیذ یاSentence Complex خه ویفؼ را تاس وزز تا ای ى ذیلی تاریه ت ز. یه خول پیچیس ن زارای خول ار ی اتغت اعت ن زارای خول ار ی هغتمل. We took a taxi to the stadium, so we could reach there on time. Jack opened his bag even though it was very dark. زر هثال تاال خول ار ی Jack opened his bag هغتمل خول ار ی it was very dark اتغت اعت. اص رتظ even though یش اتغت عاس اهیس هی ؽ ز. ع چ ارم: جول هزکة-پیچیذ یاSentence Compound-Complex Jack opened his bag, and his friend was sitting next to him while the professor came in. خه ویفؼ را تاس وزز ز عتؼ و ارػ ؾغت ت ز زر حالیى اعتاز ارز ؽس خول هزوة-پیچیس تؾىیل ؽس اعت اس حسالل ز خول ار ی هغتمل یه خول ار ی اتغت. زر خول تاال خول ار ی Jack opened his bag خول ار ی هغتمل his اتغت friend was sitting next to him ا ل the professor اتغت came in ز م غت س. اصگاى while and یش ز ز اتغت عاس غت س. - ع خول ای سیز را هؾر و یس. 1. We have to go to bed when the clock chimes ten o clock. Simple Compound Complex 2. Jennifer liked William s friend, and she also liked his cousin. Simple Compound Complex 3. The big brown dog ran after the blue and red ball. Simple Compound Complex 4. James and Eve rode their bicycles after they ate lunch. Simple Compound Complex 5. The teacher and the principal met in the hall near the library. Simple Compound Complex 6. Many brave soldiers fought in the war, and they received medals. Simple Compound Complex 7. The drummers played a long time, but the piano players stopped early. Simple Compound Complex 8. Before the queen rode in the parade, she gave a speech. Simple Compound Complex 9. After midnight the ghosts will come out of the haunted attic. Simple Compound Complex 10. She dropped the pan and the plate, but she held on to the spoon. Simple Compound Complex پیدا کردن ایده اصلی پاراگراف ها ایس افلی یه پاراگزاف سف آى هتي اعت تا حذف تواهی خشئیات.ایي ایس مغ ظز افلی یا هف هی اعت و یغ س لقس زارز زرتار ه ض ع هتي ت ذ ا سگاى تزعا س. ت اتزایي زر یه پارگزاف لتی و ایس افلی ت ف رت هغتمین ؽفاف تیاى ؽ ز زر لالة خول ای ت ام خول ػ اى یا topic sentence ارای هیؽ ز. ایي ایس زر لالة ایي خول ه ض ع ولی خاهغ پاراگزاف را تیاى هیو س عایز خشئیات پاراگزاف ت تم یت ویي ه ض ع ولی هیپززاس س. لتی ها یه همال چ س پاراگزافی را پیؼ ر ی زارین ایس افلی زر لالة خول ت ش یا خول ل ة یا thesis statement تیاى هیؽ ز. ایس افلی واى پاعری اعت و ؽوا زر تزاتز عؤالی ها س خوؼ فت گذؽت را چگ گذرا سی هیز یس. ؽوا هوىي اعت ت ایي عؤال ای غ ر پاعد ز یس و :»ت فز ؽگا رفتن. ایي ت ضیح اضافی را س یس و : ع ار هاؽی ن ؽسم تا زرب ر زی فز ؽگا را سگی وززم. زلایمی را ت ز ثال هحل پارن ه اعة گؾتن. افغز را وایی را سگی اخاس پارن ز تل ویزاز. ذالف هاؽیي را پارن وززم ارز فز ؽگا

7 ؽسم. چ س تغت هاوار ی ز ػسز عظ رب گ خ فز گی یه عظ عاالز زاذل عثس ذزیس گذاؽتن. هیذ اعتن یه تغت ن وؾه ترزم و اگ اى یازم افتاز یرچالواى اس لث یات ذالی اعت ایس افلی ذالف ه خش اعت اها ذالف ای اعت و توام آى چیش ایی و تایس را زر تز هیگیزز. ایس افلی و هحت ایی و پاراگزاف زرتار آى فحثت هی و س را ت ػی پ ؽؼ هی ز س لی ؽاهل خشئیات وی ؽ ز. تشخیص ایذ اصلی هتي در حالت غیز هستقین ت آى اگز یغ س ایس افلی هتي را تق رت هغتمین فزیح ن تیاى ى س تاالذز تایس ت ح ی آى را تزعا س ت آى اؽار و س. و زر ایي ف رت ایس افلی ه رز اؽار یا implied main idea.1 هیگ یین. تؾری ایس افلی هتي زر ایي حالت غیز هغتمین یاسه س آى اعت و ذ ا س هتي را تا زلت تیؾتزی تزرعی و س ر ی لغات ذاؿ خول ا تقا یزی و اعتفاز ؽس یغ س لقس زاؽت تیاى و س را اس را اعت تاج ت زعت آ رز. زر ایي ع هتي سحوت تیؾتزی تز ز ػ ذ ا س اعت. تىزار ؽس ا س توزوش و س آ چ را و تؾری ایس افلی هتي تزای زرن ای ى چ چیشی هیذ ا یس ضز ری اعت. ایس افلی ووه هیو س و خشئیات هؼ ازار تاؽ س تیرتظ خل ى س. ایي ایس افلی هتي اعت و چارچ تی را تزای ها سگاری زر حافظ ها ت ا هیو س. چگ گی تشخیص ایذ اصلی هتي تزای تؾری ایس افلی هتي ایي گام ا را تایس تززارین: هشخص کزدى ع اى اتتسا پاراگزاف را واهل تر ا یس. حاال تالػ و یس و تزای ایي هتي چیشی یا چ وغی اعت.2 خالص کزدى هتي تؼس اس ای ى هتي را تغ ر واهل تا زلت هغالؼ وززیس یه ػ اى تؼزیف و یس. ایي پزعؼ را پاعد ز یس: ایي پارگزاف زرتار چ ت ستاى ذ زتاى زر یه خول آى را ذالف و یس ت گ ای و ؽاهل ػقار تواهی ایس ای پاراگزاف تاؽس. یه تى یه هفیس تزای ایي وار آى اعت و ا و ز و یس ؽوا تزای ای ى ایي پارگزاف را ت ؽر زیگزی ت ضیح ز یس ت ا ز ولو زر اذتیار زاریس..3 گا کزدى ت جول ای ا ل آخز پاراگزاف یغ سگاى هؼو ال ایس افلی هتي را زر ا لیي یا آذزیي خول پاراگزاف )یا همال ( یا شزیه ت ایي ز مغ لزار هیز س. ایي یه ػازت هزع م زر ؽت ا اعت. تا گا وززى ت ایي ز خول تثی یس و آیا تؾری ایس افلی هتي زر ایي ز خول هوىي اعت یا ذیز. الثت گا ی یغ س اس تى یه یض ای ت ام ا تمال هؼى ط یا reversal transition اعتفاز هیو س. ایي تى یه زر خول ز م رخ هیز س. ولواتی ها س however ت هؼ ی»لیىي«in contrast یؼ ی»زر هماتل«یاnevertheless «تا ایي خ ز«ه ارز زیگز زر خول ز م.4 ػالهت ت وار رفتي ایي تى یه اعت. زر ایي ف رت ایس افلی هتي زر خول ز م تیاى ؽس اعت. اگز ؽوا ایي ولوات را زر خول ز م هؾا س وززیس ػالهت ایي اعت و خول ا ل هتي ه تفی مض ؽس اعت. ایي ؾا ای اعت تزای ای ى تسا ین زر خول ز م تایس زر پی تؾری ایس افلی هتي تاؽین. جستج تزای ایذ ای تکزاری اگز ؽوا یه هتي را ذ ا سیس ت ا غتیس آى را ذالف و یس )تراعز ای ى اعالػات فزا ا ی زر آى ه خ ز اعت ( زر ایي ف رت ت ز ثال ولوات ػثارت ای تىزاری یا ایس ای هؾات ن تاؽیس. زر هتي ایی و زارای هحت ا ای هتؼسز هت ع غت س اگز ایس ای یا ولو ای یا خول ای تىزار ؽس ؾا گز تأویس یغ س اعت. زر چ یي هتي ایی ایس ای و تیؼ اس و ه رز تأویس لزار گزفت ایس افلی هتي تلمی هی ؽ ز. پز یش اس اشتثا ات رایج در سهی تشخیص ایذ اصلی هتي ت خ زاؽت تاؽیس ا تراب یه ایس افلی اس هیاى چ س گشی تا ایي ه ض ع و ذ زتاى تزای یه هتي ایس افلی ت یغیس اهزی هتفا ت اعت. عزاحاى آسه ى ای چ س گشی ای هؼو ال ت ز ثال ت اؽتثا ا ساذتي ؽزوت و سگاى غت س گشی ایی ا حزافی و ت پاعد فحیح شزیه اعت زر هیاى خ اب ا لزار هی ز س تا زلیك ذ ا سى هتي اعتفاز اس ه ارت ای ذ ز وی غ ر تؾری ایس افلی هتي ت عظ ذ زتاى )تس ى ووه گزفتي اس گشی ا( ؽوا هی ت ا یس اس ایي ع اؽتثا رایح سیز اخت اب و یس: ا تراب پاعری و هحس ز و چىی را ؽاهل هی ؽ ز خاهغ یغت. ا تراب پاعری و تیؼ اس ا ساس ػو هی فزاگیز اعت. ا تراب پاعری و پیچیس اعت ) ذیلی هحس ز ذیلی فزاگیز اعت( لی تا ایس افلی هتي زر ت الض اعت.

8 هثال: ؽىی یغت و تؾری ایس افلی هتي هرق فا زر تؼضی ه ارز واری چالؼ ا گیش اعت. اها اگز ؽوا اس اتشار ایی و زر زعتزط زاریس اعتفاز و یس آ چ را و آه ذت ایس توزیي و یس ذ ا یس ت ا غت زر آسه ى ای ارسیاتی ه ارت ستاى تید ذ تی وغة و یس. The Eskimos' way of life has changed much over the past hundred years, although many traditional customs do persist, and despite the geographical separation between different Eskimo groups, all Eskimos have preserved a similar culture. They are still mainly coastal people who journey inland in the short summers to hunt caribou and birds, and to fish. The major exceptions are some North Alaskan Eskimos and the Caribou Eskimos, who live inland all the year round. The North Alaskan Eskimos are famous for hunting the enormous bowhead whale, weighing 54 tons (60 US tons). Elsewhere on the coast, Eskimos hunt seals, walruses, and smaller whales such as the white whale. Fishing for cod is. popular among the Eskimos in Greenland and Labrador. )کنکور انسانی 90( What is the passage mainly about? 1) Eskimos' hunting skills 2) How old Eskimos' customs are 3) Why Eskimos live near oceans 4) Some common features among Eskimos پاعد :تات خ ت ولیس ای ع گا پاعد ایي ع ال را تزرعی هی و ین. کلیذ شوار 1: تا خ ا ذى سطحی هتي هت ج هی ش ین ک هتي هذک ر درتار اسکیو ا فز گ ای آ ا هی تاشذ. کلیذ شوار 2: س ال هطزح شذ را گا هی ک ین هت ج هی ش ین ک تایستی اس ه ارت شوار یک استفاد وایین. کلیذ شوار 3: تات ج ت ه ارت گفت شذ هی تایستی جول ا ل ایي پارگزاف را تزرسی وایین. خول رغت پاراگزاف را ه رز تزرعی لزار هی ز ین: The Eskimos' way of life has changed much over the past hundred years, although many traditional customs do persist, and despite the geographical separation between different Eskimo groups, all Eskimos have preserved a similar culture. زر ایي خول گفت ؽس اعت و فز گ اعىیو ا زر ع ل ایي فس عال اذیز تغییز وزز اعت.اگزچ وچ اى ت تزذی اس فز گ ای ع تی ؽاى پایث س هی تاؽ س تزذالف خسایی ای خغزافیایی و زار س اها وچ اى زارای فز گ ای هؾتزوی هی تاؽ س. حال تا تزرعی ایي خول هی ت ا ین گشی ا را ته ته تزرعی وایین. گشی شوار 1 :ه ارت شکار اسکیو ا. تا ت خ ت خول رغت پاراگزاف چ یي ه ض ػی تزرعی ؾس اعت ت اتزایي ایي گشی غلظ هی تاؽس. گشی شوار 2 :قذهت فز گ اسکیو ا. زر خول رغت پاراگزاف یچ ت ضیحی زرتار لسهت فز گ اعىیو ا یا ای ى فز گ آ ا ت چ ز را ی تز هی گززز خ ز سارز ت ا اؽار ای و ت عال فز گ ؽس اعت ایي اعت و فز گ اعىیو ا زر فس عال اذیز تغییز وزز اعت.ت اتزایي ایي گشی یش وی ت ا س پاعد تغت تاؽس. گشی شوار 3 :چزا اسکیو ا شدیکی دریا س ذگی هی ک ذ. زر خول رغت ت یچ ػ اى اؽار ای ت ایي ه ض ع ؾس اعت ت اتزایي ایي گشی یش فحیح یغت. گشی شوار 4 :تزخی فز گ ای هشتزک هیاى اسکیو ا. گشی فحیح هی تاؽس سیزا زر ا ت ای خول ا ل پاراگزاف ت ایي ه ض ع اؽار ؽس اعت. کت شوار 1 : تا تزرعی هتي هی ت ا ین هت خ ایي ه ض ع ه ن ؽ ین و تواهی گشی ا زر هتي ه خ ز غت س اها گشی ای زرعت اعت و زر خول رغت پاراگزاف تت اى آى را یافت. کت شوار 2 :زر ف رتی و یه هتي ؽاهل چ س پاراگزاف ت ز آ گا ت ه ظ ر پاعرگ یی ت آى زعت اس ع االت هی تایغتی خول اتتسایی ز پاراگزاف را ذ ا س ت ه ض ع افلی هتي پی تزز.

9 Sample Tests on Passive Voice 1. The land next to our house.. sold to the government recently. (tajrobi 85) 1) is 2) will be 3) has been 4) had been 2. Many apartments for the poor employees during the last five years. (honar 85) 1) are built 2) were building 3) have built 4) have been built 3. Do you know that Maria as a computer programmer of the company? 1) was inviting 2) is inviting 3) has been invited 4) is going to invite 4. How many times these shoes since you bought them? 1) were repaired 2) did repair 3) have repaired 4) have been repaired 5. I can t use my office at the moment. It. 1) is going to paint 2) is being painted 3) is painted 4) is been painted 6. The manager ordered the letter. in English. 1) to write 2) has written 3) to be written 4) is writing 7. I like this letter.. as soon as possible. 1) to write 2) be writing 3) to be written 4) writing 8. You. a letter inviting you to the meeting in near future. 1) will send 2) are sending 3) will be sent 4) have sent 6. While I was on holiday, my bag. from my hotel room. 1) steals 2) was stolen 3) had stolen 4) has stolen 9. When we got to the stadium we found that the game.. 1) had been cancelled 2) had cancelled 3) has been cancelled 4) would cancel 10. You should always talk in class when you.. 1) asked 2) will ask 3) are asking 4) are asked 11. I believe the best way to learn a foreign language is to learn it in the country where it... 1) speaks 2) spoke 3) is speaking 4) is spoken 12. We that you had borrowed the book from the library. 1) had told 2) have told 3) were told 4) will be told 13. This carpet is full of dust and dirt. It has. 1) to be washed 2) wash 3) to be wash 4) to washing 14. From time to time, we. some tests to answer. 1) are given 2) had given 3) have given 4) was given 15. The library during the holidays. 1) will redecorate 2) will be redecorated 3) redecorates 4) will be redecorating 16. It.. at once. It s a promise. 1) is done 2) will be done 3) has been done 4) has done 17. By two o clock yesterday, they.. about the accident. 1) have been informed 2) have informed 3) had been informed 4) were being informed 18. Look at the little kid. He s really dirty. He needs.. 1) to be washed 2) wash 3) to wash 4) to washing 19. The bridge.. two years ago, is said to be unsafe. 1) was built 2) builds 3) building 4) has been built 20. The English Language. nearly all over the world nowadays. 1) has spoken 2) has been spoken 3) is spoken 4) will be speaking 21. Since 1924, the winter Olympic Games. held in countries with snow covered mountains. 1) have been 2) had been 3) have 4) had 22. John told me that I to represent my class. 1) am chosen 2) had been chosen 3) had chosen 4) have been chosen 23. The TV viewers were too sleepy to keep their eyes open while the movie. 1) was being shown 2) had shown 3) was shown 4) had been shown 24. He didn t go to his friend s party since he.. to go there. 1) was not invited 2) had not invited 3) wouldn t be invited 4) hasn t been invited 25. The contract. by the president of the company. 1) is signing 2) has signed 3) was signing 4) was signed 26. This kind of material. from China. 1) is imported 2) were imported 3) are imported 4) had imported

10 27. The footballer. out of the field because of his shouting back at the other player. 1) sent 2) is sent 3) was sending 4) was sent 28. This book.. next spring. 1) is publishing 2) was published 3) will be published 4) publishes 29. Everybody. by the news. 1) are shocked 2) were shocked 3) was shocked 4) will shock 30. Parents complain that there aren t enough quality programs on TV which for children. 1) will be shown 2) are showing 3) are shown 4) have been shown 31. People should. how to use energy properly. 1) be taught 2) be teaching 3) have taught 4) teach 32. He by the fireman not to return to the house because it was very dangerous. 1) warned 2) has been warned 3) was warned 4) is warned 33. Many new houses.. every year but the problem of housing is still there. 1) built 2) build 3) are built 4) would build 34. All the cake.. eaten by the hungry children since their mother left them alone. 1) has been 2) have been 3) was 4) were 35. I saw an accident. Somebody called an ambulance but nobody 1) was injured 2) injured 3) will be injured 4) had injured 36. Signatures as one method of identification. 1) had used 2) have been used 3) have used 4) use 37. The door at the back of the building to keep the thieves off. 1) close 2) had to close 3) had to be closed 4) had closed 38. The boss wanted the wall..as immediately as possible. 1) to break 2) to be broken 3) will break 4) broke 39. He didn t enjoy a higher position in the company. 1) giving 2) being given 3) to be given 4) to give 40. The farmer believed that the newly planted plants needed. 1) watering 2) to be watered 3) to be watering 4) both 1 & 2 Sample tests on Question Tags 1. You said you would... 1) would you? 2) did you? 3) had you? 4) didn't you? 2. She's definitely not coming... 1) will she? 2) isn't she? 3) is she? 4) can she? 3. It drives you mad... 1) is it? 2) does it? 3) doesn't it? 4) won't it? 4. It won't hurt... 1) does it? 2) will it? 3) can it? 4) did it? 5. I think you ought to go... 1) ought you? 2) do I? 3) don't you? 4) do you? 6. You must go... 1) mustn't you? 2) have you? 3) had you? 4) must I? 7. It happened yesterday... 1) had it? 2) has it? 3) didn't it? 4) did it? 8. She's always late... 1) is it? 2) isn't she? 3) isn't it? 4) was she? 9. They're selling their house... 1) will they? 2) haven't they? 3) aren't they? 4) have they? 10. No-one understood that word... 1) does he? 2) did you? 3) didn't they? 4) did they? 11. Sarah: 'I want you to give me some more money.' Paul: '...' 1) Oh you want, do you? 3) Oh you do, do you? 2) Oh you'd like, would you? 4) Oh you give, do you?

11 12. Sarah: 'You're being very rude!' Paul: '...' 1) Oh I have, have I? 3) I am, you think? 2) Oh I am, am I? 4) Oh it is, is it? 13. Sarah: 'I've torn up your homework essay!' Paul: '...' 1) That'll be nice, will it? 3) That would be nice, wouldn't it? 2) That's nice, is it? 4) That's nice, isn't it? 14. Sarah: 'I can't take any more.' Paul: '...' 1) Oh you can, can you? 3) Oh, you can't, can you? 2) Oh you could, could you? 4) Oh you could, could you? 15. Sarah: 'She hates the sight of him.' Paul: '...' 1) She did, did she? 3) She hates, does she? 2) She does, does she? 4) She doesn't hate, does she? 16. Sarah: 'I would prefer to go by air.' Paul: '...' 1) Oh you would, would you? 3) Oh you prefer, don't you? 2) Oh you did, did you? 4) Oh, you wouldn't will you? 17. Sarah: 'I won't listen to you anymore.' Paul: '...' 1) So you will, will you? 3) So you won't, will you? 2) So you don't, do you? 4) So you do, don't you? 18. Paul: 'I spent thousands on that car.' Sarah: '...' 1) Oh, you have, have you? 3) Oh you do, do you? 2) Oh you did, did you? 4) Oh you do, don't you? 19. Sarah: 'You mustn't eat with your mouth full.' Paul: '...' 1) Oh I must, must I? 3) Oh I have to, have I? 2) Oh I can't, can I? 4) Oh I mustn't, must I? 20. Sarah: 'That's not allowed you know.' Paul: '...' 1) Oh you do, don't you? 3) Oh it isn't, is it? 2) Oh it is, isn't it? 4) Oh it won't, will it? 21. You'd rather I kept quiet about it... 1) did you? 2) had you? 3) wouldn't you? 4) do you? 22. He used to work in the city... 1) had he? 2) does he? 3) has he? 4) didn't he? 23. He has his lunch at the office... 1) had he? 2) did he? 3) hadn't he? 4) doesn't he? 24. In that case he'll have to look for a new job... 1) shall he? 2) won't he? 3) isn't he? 4) does he? 25. You wouldn't want me to do that... 1) would you? 2) will you? 3) did you? 4) do you? 26. He really didn't need to speak to me like that... 1) does he? 2) has he? 3) will he? 4) did he? 27. Come back in the morning... 1) do you? 2) have you? 3) will you? 4) don't you? 28. You like milk in your tea... 1) can you? 2) have you? 3) don't you? 4) did you? 29.You are just the sort of person who would say that... 1) would you? 2) wouldn't you? 3) don't you? 4) aren't you? 30. You shouldn't have done that... 1) could you? 2) should you? 3) couldn't you? 4) didn't you? Sample Tests on Coordinating Conjunctions 1. We will visit Australia... New Zealand during our next vacation. 1) and 2) but 3) so 4) yet 2. My teeth were hurting... I made an appointment to go the dentist. 1) or 2) so 3) but 4) and 3. Have you seen... heard the latest musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber? 1) but 2) so 3) or 4) for

12 4. I wanted to go to the rock concert... all the tickets were already sold out. 1) so 2) but 3) and 4) yet 5. I wanted to eat sushi for dinner... I went to a Japanese restaurant. 1) but 2) so 3) or 4) and 6. I wanted to eat fish for lunch... the fish and chip shop had closed for the day. 1) or 2) but 3) so 4) for 7. I am going to do my homework... take a shower when I get home from school. 1) and 2) but 3) so 4) or 8. My father wanted to watch a soccer match on television... my mother was already watching another program. 1) but 2) so 3) or 4) and 9. My brother wanted to buy a novel... I went to the book store after I finished work. 1) so 2) or 3) but 4) yet 10. I wanted to visit my grandmother last week... she had an accident and had to be taken to hospital. 1) but 2) or 3) so 4) for